Saturday: Halloween is a week from today. If you need costume ideas, look low in the sky at 7:15 p.m. Arcturus is about one fist held upright and at arm’s length above the western horizon. In The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, Arcturus is home to giant ships called Arcturan Megafreighters and oversized megafauna like the Arcturan Megaleech and Arcturan Megacamel. Capella is about one fist above the northeastern horizon. In the second season episode of Star Trek: The Original Series called Friday’s Child, the Enterprise goes to Capella IV to negotiate a mining contract for a valuable mineral. While there, they get tangled up with warring factions and a Klingon. Inspiration from these two stars might help you win the costume contest as you go dressed as Captain Kirk, a Klingon, or an Arcturan Megaleech. For more about stars and planets featured in popular fiction, go to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_and_planetary_systems_in_fiction.
Sunday: Tonight’s moon is full. The October full moon is
called the Full Hunter's Moon. The traditional Northern Hemisphere harvest time
has ended so this is the month that many groups of people turned to hunting to
build up their food supplies before winter. Also, since the Moon is full, it
lights the sky the entire night, extending the time for nighttime activities.
Monday: Saturn is three and a half fists above due southeast
at 9:00 p.m.
Tuesday: Did you know that moons and dwarf planets share
some similar features? The five largest moons of Uranus have the same heat
signatures as the largest dwarf planets such as Pluto and Eris. That means they
are relatively dense and don’t immediately radiate away all their
daytime-absorbed heat at night. Read more about Uranian moons at https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/uranian-moons-are-like-dwarf-planets/.
Uranus can easily be seen with typical binoculars. It is half a fist below the
moon in the east-northeastern sky. Place the moon to the top of your binoculars
field of view. Uranus will be at the bottom of the field of view. Uranus is the
object that will have moved over the course of a few nights.
Wednesday: According to the “One world, group hug, love
everyone” philosophy, political borders are human-made and can’t be seen from
space so why can’t we all just get along. According to real world pragmatic
discoveries, some human-made political borders CAN be seen from space. Since
2003, India has illuminated its border with Pakistan to prevent illegal
crossings. In 2011, astronaut Ron Garan took a picture of that border from the
International Space Station. For more information, including the photo, go to http://goo.gl/mY8xG.
Thursday: Jupiter is five fists above due southeast at 6:30
a.m. Mars is a half fist to the upper right of Jupiter.
Friday: Halloween weekend is a great time to celebrate the
dead. Dead stars, that is. Black holes and neutron stars are the end of life
for super massive stars. But intermediate mass stars such as our Sun end up as
white dwarfs. After fusing hydrogen into helium for most of its life and fusing
helium into heavier elements for a relatively short period at the end of its
life, the Sun will end up with a core of heavier elements that can no longer
produce energy through nuclear fusion. Without the outward radiation pressure
from fusion energy resisting the inward pull of gravity, the Sun will end up as
a super-dense sphere of atoms in which the electrons are squished onto the
nuclei. It will be an object with nearly all its mid-life mass but in a volume
about the size of the Earth. The easiest white dwarf to see is in the triple
star system called Keid, from the Arabic word “qayd” meaning eggshells. Learn
more about Keid, also called 40 Eridani, including map of how to find it at
https://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/trick-or-treat-with-white-dwarfs/.
At midnight (scary), Keid is two and a half fists above due southeast. You’ll
need a small telescope to see it. First find Rigel, the brightest star in the
constellation Orion. It is one and a half fists above the east-southeastern
horizon. Then use binoculars to find the right area. With Rigel at the bottom
of your field of view. There should be a star near the top of your girls of
view that is about one sixth as bright. This star is called Cursa. Next, move
your binoculars up and to the right about one and a half field of view
diameters. Look for two stars close together, each about one third as bright as
Cursa. Finally, move your binoculars straight over to the right about one and a
half field of view diameters. The lower of these two stars is Keid or 40
Eridani A. You’ll need a telescope to see the white dwarf, called 40 Eridani B.
The positional information in this column about stars and
planets is typically accurate for the entire week. For up-to-date information
about the night sky, go to https://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/planner.cfm.
All times are Pacific Time unless noted.
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